OgbonLab

Chapter 4 Quiz: Background Statistics

Chapter 2: Statistical Foundations for ML

Learning objectives

Test your understanding of descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, and statistical Python code

This quiz covers both the lecture material and lab exercises from Chapter 4.

Key Concepts Review

Descriptive Stats: Mean, median, variance, standard deviation, percentiles.
Sample vs Population: Sample variance divides by $N-1$ (Bessel's correction); population variance by $N$ .
Hypothesis Testing: $H_0$ (null) vs $H_1$ (alternative). Reject $H_0$ if p-value $< \alpha$ .
CLT: Sampling distribution of $\bar{x}$ approaches normal as $n$ increases.
Confidence Interval: $\bar{x} \pm z_{\alpha/2} \cdot \frac{s}{\sqrt{n}}$ .

References

James, G., Witten, D., Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R. (2021). An Introduction to Statistical Learning (2nd ed.), ch. 2. Springer.
Murphy, K.P. (2022). Probabilistic Machine Learning: An Introduction, ch. 2 & 3. MIT Press.
Olden, J.D., Lawler, J.J., Poff, N.L. (2008). Machine learning methods without tears: A primer for ecologists. Q. Rev. Biol. 83(2), 171–193.